49 / 244
Every meeting has more than 50 participants, which will be
held without interruption.
S32-3
The relationship between coping strategies of DMand diabetes
control
Yin-Chang WU
1
.
1
Department of Psychology, National Taiwan
University, Taipei, Taiwan
By definition, chronic illness demands a patient of life-long
coping. So, besides coping against the illness conditions at
present, the patient should cope continuously the illness for a
relatively long period of time. It means that there are two kinds
of coping process when analyzing chronic illness adjustment.
An expended model of coping toward chronic illness was
designed to integrate
“
immediate coping process
”
and
“
long-
term coping process
”
as to cover the whole picture of the
coping of chronic illness. Andwe had carried out a 3-year study
of coping strategies of DM and diabetes control based on this
expended model.
The model prescribes to collect information since first
diagnosed as a DM patient and include the whole coping
processes until here and now. The proper researchmethodwill
be case study with semi-structured in-depth interview. 15 DM
patients were interviewed. The results showed that it was
better to divide the long-term coping process into following
themes:
(A)
Diagnosis
. Includes: The description of how the illness
was noticed, how the necessary examinations were com-
pleted, and the way that diagnosis of DM was confirmed;
During the diagnostic process, what were the reactions
and/or feelings she/he had toward the medical team and/
or the hospital environment; What were the life stresses
she/he had, besides DM, when diagnostic process was
carried on.
(B)
Reactions to the Diagnosis/the Illness
. Includes: Was there
any strong emotional reaction, or catastrophic reaction?
Did the patient accept the illness as a problem she/he
must face, or reject it and try to fight against it? What was
the belief, knowledge, thought induced by this illness?
What was the influence from her/his worldview, life goal,
value system, religious thinking to this reaction? Howwas
the motivating power of facing this illness derived from
the above-stated reactions? How was the influence from
life stressors on these responses?
(C)
Reactions to the Treatment
(and the Medical team that
prescribed the treatment): Did the patient trust, depend
on, the medical team, especially the doctor? Was the
patient understand the treatment (and why prescribe the
treatment) correctly? What was the thinking induced by
the treatment? Was there any change of belief/knowl-
edge/thought because of the understanding of the treat-
ment? How was the execution of the treatment? How
was the result of the treatment? How was the coping to
the result? How was the influence from life stressors on
treatment execution?
(D)
Coping Strategies and Methods:
Obtaining information
and knowledge so as to understand what DM is. Compar-
ing own experience of DM with others
’
and the past
experiences of illness of my own so as to understand DM
more thoroughly. Searching the causes of why becomes
a DM patient. Seeking social support from friends as
well as from medical team members and patients with
DM. Talking out and/or writing out the painful feelings
within one
’
s own mind so as to relieve the stressful
burden of being ill.
(E)
Adjustment of life schedule, life goal, life style
. Did the
coping of DM integrated into life schedule, life goal, or
life style?
(F)
Adjustment of worldview
. Did the coping of DM induced
changes in worldview?
(G)
Showing Gratitude
. Did the patient give suggestions,
which were learned from the successful coping with DM,
for medical team as well as patients with DM, or serve as a
volunteer worker for helping patients with DM.
Although the coping strategies andmethods stated abovewere
important indicators of successful coping, there were four
kinds of transformation which best related to good DM control:
1. Transformation of daily living schedule: Assimilation/
accommodation of treatment, including taking medicine
regularly, adjusting food taking properly, doing exercise
properly, into daily living schedule with the treatment as
the most, or one of the most important events when
designing the schedule.
2. Transformation of life style and/or life goal(s): Modifica-
tion of life style and/or life goal(s) based on successfully
carrying out the treatment.
3. Transformation of worldview and/or expectation(s) of
life: Modification of worldview and/or expectation(s) of
life by taking the chronic illness as one of the natural
happenings as life goes on.
4. Transformation of attitude toward the illness by showing
gratitude: Not only developing a positive attitude toward
DM but also reckoning it as a gift from the medical
team/relatives/friends/god and returning the kindness by
giving suggestions, which were learned from the success-
ful coping with DM, for medical team as well as patients
with DM, or serving as a volunteer worker for helping
patients with DM.
Association of Psychosocial Factors with
Diabetes Control
S36-1
Mental states of individuals with type 2 diabetes by
psychological assessment
Hiroko HIGASHIYAMA
1
.
1
Division of Medical Education, Kansai
Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
We evaluated the mental states of subjects with type 2 dia-
betes using BUKK-questionnaires.
Stress levels in type 2diabetes were similar to those in healthy
subjects; however, levels of well-being in type 2 diabetes were
much lower than those in healthy subjects.
This result suggested that type 2 diabetic patients worry about
loss of identity in the second half of their lives.
To support the self-management of diabetes, it is necessary
for health professionals to understand patients
’
personalities
and mental states as well as to perform the medical edu-
cation of the disease. However, patients
’
lifestyles are too
heterogeneous to be fully understood. When considering the
proper support, it is not easy for others to establish the
rapport with the patients in the short term. In order to
establish the rapport, health professionals need to under-
stand the patients
’
mental states directly from what they say
or express. Many psychological assessment measures have
been developed to provide such evidence, but most of them
were experimental and not practical to establish the rapport
leading to the education for the patients. Therefore, we
developed BUKK-questionnaires consists of the two super-
scales, stress and well-being, which were determined by
factor analyses. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of
BUKK-psychological assessment to evaluate and understand
the patients
’
mental states, and its application to self-
management of diabetes.
We hypothesized that the interaction between stress and well-
being would affect the condition of diabetes in each patient.
Well-being is a positive total mood consisting of self-esteem,
Speech Abstracts / Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120S1 (2016) S1
–
S39
S31