Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - Volume 120 - Supplement 1 - October 2016

131 / 244

necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattract-
ant protein-1, were dose-dependently reversed by fenretinide,
and the effects of fenretinide on LPS-induced proinflam-
matory cytokine productions were blocked by the treatment
of PPAR γ antagonist. Moreover, fenretinide decreased LPS-
induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and
nitrogen oxide production. These effects were blocked by
the pretreatment of PPAR γ antagonist in a dose-dependent
manner, indicating fenretinide activated PPARγ to exert an
anti-inflammation activity. Furthermore, in view of the role of
inflammation in hypertension, and the anti-inflammation
action of fenretinide, we found that administration of fenre-
tinide in spontaneously hypertensive rats significantly
decreased the blood pressure. Taken together, fenretinide
might be a potent anti-hypertensive agent that works by
suppressing inflammation via activating PPARγ.
PD-69
Self-reported hypoglycemic rates and insulin regimen among
7289 insulin-treated adult patients with diabetes: An
International survey in 9 countries
Ana GOMEZ MEDINA1*, Atef BASSYOUNI2, Yong BEE 3,
SalemBESHYAH 4, Ida KSHANTI5 , Mak OMAR6, Ramazan SARI7,
Vicky CHAN 8, Anand JAIN8, Nazrul SIDDIQUI9. 1Javeriana
University, Bogotá, Colombia; 2National Institute of Diabetes
and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt; 3Singapore General Hospital,
Singapore; 4Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United
Arab Emirates; 5Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6University
of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; 7Akdeniz University
Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey; 8Novo Nordisk, Zurich,
Switzerland; 9Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh,
Bangladesh
Background and aims: Real-world data on hypoglycemia rates
are sparse and comparisons among insulin regimens rely
heavily on data from randomized clinical trials, particularly in
non-Western countries. The aim of the non-interventional
International Operations Hypoglycemia Assessment Tool (IO
HAT) study conducted in Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Turkey
and the UAE was to assess the incidence of hypoglycemia
among patients with insulin-treated (premix, short-acting and
long-acting) diabetes.
Materials and methods: Hypoglycemic events were recorded
via 2 self-assessment questionnaires and in patient diaries, in
7289 patients with insulin-treated diabetes.
Results: There were 1016 participants with type 1 (T1D) and
6273 with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a higher percentage of
female than male participants (T1D, 57.0% female; T2D, 55.7%
female). The mean age (years [SD]) was higher among
participants with T2D than T1D (57.7 [10.9] vs. 35.0 [13.0])
while the duration of diabetes was higher among participants
with T1D (14.5 [9.8] vs. 13.2 [7.7]). “Any” and “nocturnal”
hypoglycemia rates, per patient, per month (PPPM), were
highest in patients with T1D on short-acting regimens
during retrospective and prospective periods (Any, 6.8 and
10.3; Nocturnal, 3.0 and 1.9 PPPM). Rates of any and nocturnal
hypoglycemia were lowest in patients with T2D on long-acting
regimens (Any, 1.2 and 2.0; Nocturnal, 0.4 and 0.2 PPPM). In the
pooled population of patients with T1D and T2D, there was a
significantly lower (p < 0.001) rate ratio (RR, [95%CI]) for any
hypoglycemic event in patients using premix (RR 0.57
[0.50:0.64]), long-acting (RR 0.39 [0.34:0.45]) or short- and
long-acting insulin (RR 0.70 [0.62:0.79]) compared with those
using short-acting insulin.
Conclusion: Rates of hypoglycemia varied among treatment
regimens in both T1D and T2D; rates of any and nocturnal
hypoglycemia were lowest in patients with T2D on long-acting
insulin regimens.
PD-71
Self-reported hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with
diabetes: Results from an international survey of 7289 patients
from 9 countries
Rifat EMRAL1*, Salah ABUSNANA2, Mohamed EL HEFNAWY3,
Su-Yen GOH4, Roberto MIRASOL5, Angela MURPHY6,
Faruque PATHAN7, Achmad RUDIJANTO8, Anand JAIN9,
Zhulin MA9, Carlos YEPES CORTÉS10. 1Ankara University,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Al Jurf-
Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 3National Institute of Diabetes and
Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt;4Singapore General Hospital, Singapore;
5St. Luke ’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; 6Sunward Park
Medical Centre, Boksburg, South Africa; 7BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka,
Bangladesh; 8Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; 9Novo
Nordisk, Zurich, Switzerland; 10 Hospital Universitario Clínica San
Rafael, Bogotá, Colombia
Background and aims: The non-interventional International
Operations Hypoglycemia Assessment Tool (IO HAT) study
assessed the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with
insulin-treated diabetes in Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Turkey
and the UAE.
Materials and methods: The incidence of hypoglycemia was
reported in self-assessment questionnaires completed at
baseline and after the 28-day prospective period, and in
patient diaries.
Results: Of 7289 patients (type 1 diabetes [T1D], n = 1016; type 2
diabetes [T2D], n = 6273), approximately 90% completed their
diaries in the prospective period (28 days from baseline).
At least 1 case of confirmed hypoglycemia (capillary glucose
<56 mg/dL) was recorded in patient diaries by 48.0% of patients
with T1D and 12.6% of those with T2D. Based on patient recall,
“severe ” hypoglycemia was reported for the prior 6 months,
and “any” hypoglycemia the 4 weeks before baseline. “Any”
hypoglycemia was retrospectively reported by patients (TID,
72.7%; T2D, 48.1%). Nearly all patients reported events during
the prospective period (T1D, 97.4%; T2D, 95.3%). Rates of “any”
and “severe ” hypoglycemia were higher in the prospective
period (p < 0.001) compared with those in the retrospective
period for T1D (“any” 82.3 vs. 57.7 events per patient year (PPY);
“severe ” 14.5 vs. 7.0 events PPY) and T2D (“any” 28.5 vs. 19.1
events PPY;“severe ” 11.1 vs. 3.0 PPY). In contrast, lower rates of
nocturnal hypoglycemia were reported prospectively vs.
retrospectively (T1D, 14.4 vs. 22.0 events PPY; T2D, 3.4 vs. 5.5
events PPY; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: These results are the first patient-reported
dataset on hypoglycemia in the participating countries and
indicate that hypoglycemia is under-reported and thus
underestimated.
PD-72
The effects of lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione (TZD),
on bone mineral density in mice
Seoyeon LEE1, Kyoung Min KIM1 , Soo LIM1*, Ghayoung LEE1,
Tae Jung OH1, Sung Hee CHOI1, Hak Chul JANG1. 1Seoul
University Bundang Hospital and Seoul University College of
Medicine, Korea
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of anti-diabetic agents,
promote insulin sensitivity through the activation of the
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR- γ).
However, it has been hypothesized that activation of PPARγ
by thiazolidinedione drugs can increase adipogenesis at the
expense of osteogenesis, leading to bone loss. The aim of this
study was to examine the effects of lobeglitazone, a novel TZD,
on bone mineral density (BMD) in mice compared to other
TZDs. Non-diabeticmale C57BL/6micewere used and themice
were randomized into 4 groups with 6 per group: placebo
group, pioglitazone (19 ug/g), rosiglitazone group (5 ug/kg),
lobeglitazone group (0.6 ug/g) and high dose lobeglitazone
groups (1.2 ug/g). The micewere treated each dosing drug daily
Poster Presentations / Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120S1 (2016) S65–S211 S113