Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - Volume 120 - Supplement 1

Diabetes Health Promotion Centers, which was 32.5%, 30.6%,

and 35.3%, respectively, the blood sugar and blood pressure

control in the investigated community hospital were signifi-

cantly better. Those who had HbA1c < 7% or blood pressure

<130/80 mmHg at baseline were more likely to achieve all ABC

goals after participating in the program. The significant factors

related to ideal blood sugar control (HbA1c < 7%) included

male, diabetes duration <5 years, non-smoker, regular exer-

cise, and better glycemic control at baseline.

Conclusion:

After implementing a diabetes management

program, more than one third of patients enrolled in the

program could reach the optimal standard set by the National

Diabetes Health promotion centers. Our results indicate more

effects needed to promote quality of diabetes care in Taiwan.

Our study also implies healthy behaviors such as non-smoking

and regular exercise are conducive to better glycemic control.

This is empirical evidence supporting health education in

diabetes care.

PD-61

Health economic impact of hypoglycemia among 7,289

insulin-treated patients with diabetes: Results from an

International survey in 9 countries

Su-Yen GOH

*, Salah ABUSNANA

, Rifat EMRAL

Roberto MIRASOL

, Angela MURPHY

, Faruque PATHAN

Achmad RUDIJANTO

, Vicky CHAN

, Anand JAIN

Carlos Augusto YEPES CORTES

Singapore General Hospital,

Singapore;

Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, United Arab

Emirates;

Ankara University, Turkey;

St. Luke

’

s Medical Center-

Quezon City, Philippines;

Sunward Park Medical Centre, South

Africa;

BIRDEM Hospital, Bangladesh;

Brawijaya University,

Indonesia;

Novo Nordisk, Switzerland;

Hospital Universitario

Clínica San Rafael, Colombia

Background and aims:

Hypoglycemia is a key consideration in

the individualization of treatment in patients with diabetes.

However, because observational studies are predominately

conducted inWestern countries and are limited in number and

consistency of design, actual hypoglycemia rates in clinical

practice, and their socio-economic impact, remain unclear for

many countries.

Materials and methods:

The International Operations (IO)

Hypoglycemia Assessment Tool (HAT) study is a non-inter-

ventional, real-world, observational study of self-reported

(using self-assessment questionnaires) hypoglycemic events

in Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines,

Singapore, South Africa, Turkey and the UAE among 7,289

patients with insulin-treated type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes

(T2D). This abstract reports the health economic (HE) implica-

tions, including direct and indirect costs, of hypoglycemic

episodes occurring in the 6-month retrospective and 4-week

prospective periods of the IO HAT study.

Results:

Rates of any hypoglycemia (per patient, per month)

were 4.8 and 6.9 in patients with T1D and 1.6 and 2.4 in those

with T2D during the retro- and prospective periods, respect-

ively. For both patients with T1D or T2D, reporting of any and

severe hypoglycemic events were significantly higher (p <

0.001) in the prospective period, whereas that of nocturnal

hypoglycemic events was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the

retrospective period. The most common direct impact of

hypoglycemia was increased blood glucose monitoring

which occurred in 43.8% (T1D) and 20.0% (T2D) of patients in

the 4-week prospective period. Other impacts included tele-

phone contacts with a health care teammember (6.4 and 5.9%,

respectively), additional clinic appointments (5.8 and 4.3%)

and post-hypoglycemic event hospital admissions (3.0 and

1.7%) in patients with T1D and T2D, respectively.

Indirect impacts of hypoglycemia included reduced work/

study punctuality (arriving late or leaving early) in patients

with T1D (11.5 and 9.4%) and T2D (3.5 and 3.7%). In addition,

some reported absence from their workplace or studies (T1D

6.3%; T2D 3.5%).

Conclusion:

Hypoglycemia is a major concern in diabetes

treatment and is not just a barrier to reaching appropriate

glycemic targets, but also increases HE costs. This study details

both direct and indirect HE impacts (to healthcare, employers

or patients) of hypoglycemic episodes in patients with T1D

or T2D across non-Western countries.

PD-62

Fibrinogen level was correlatedwith glycemic control, not with

lipid profiles in type 2 DM patients

Hermina NOVIDA

1,2

*, Askandar TJOKROPRAWIRO

1,2

Ari SUTJAHJO

1,2

, Agung PRANOTO

1,2

, Sri MURTIWI

1,2

Soebagijo ADI

1,2

, Sony WIBISONO

1,2

Faculty of Medicine

Universitas Airlangga,

Surabaya Diabetes and Nutrition Center Dr.

Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia

Background:

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes

mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically over the last two

decades and it indicated that the number of individuals with

diabetes will continue to increase near future. Fibrinogen plays

a role as a risk factor increasing cardiovascular morbidity and

mortality in T2DM. Fibrinogen is determined by several

modifiable and non-modifiable factors like BMI, glycemic

control and lipid profiles.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation of

fibrinogen level, glycemic control and lipid profiles in T2DM

patients.

Material and methods:

This cross sectional study was con-

ducted at diabetes outpatient clinic Dr. Soetomo teaching

hospital Surabaya Indonesia. Inclusion citerias were patiens

with T2DM aged over 45 years old and signed informed

consent. Patients with severe infection, renal and liver

dysfunction, pregnancy, fibrate treatment were excluded in

this study. We interviewed and measured body weight and

height, BMI, blood pressure and baPWV. Fasting plasma

glucose (FPG) and post prandial glucose (PPG), HbA1c, lipid

profiles and fibrinogen level were measured as well. Data was

statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation test.

Results:

We analyzed 40 patients who have been diagnosed

with T2DM consisting of 17 males and 23 females. There were

16 T2DM patients with BMI < 25 kg/m

(nob-obese) and 24

patients with BMI > 25 kg/m

(obese). The overall mean HbA1c

was 8.01 ± 1.39%, total cholesterol was 203.57 ± 28.02 mg/dL,

LDL-cholesterol was 144.52 ± 36.57 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol

was 47.15 ± 13.02 mg/dL, triglyceride was 179.31 ± 54.42 and

fibrinogen 456.75+142.60 mg/dL. One Sample Kolmogorov

Smirnov statistical test indicated that the data distribution

was normal. There was significant correlation between

fibrinogen level and HbA1c (r 0.313; p < 0.05). In other hand,

there were no significant correlations between fibrinogen level

and total cholesterol (r 0.239; p 0.137), LDL cholesterol (r 0.027; p

0.137), HDL cholesterol (r 0.112; p 0.493) and triglyceride

(r 0.134; p 0.409). There was significant correlation between

fibrinogen level and HbA1c in non-obese patients (r 0.568;

p < 0.05), but there was not in obese patients (r 0.001; p 0.998).

Conclusion:

There was significant correlation between fibrino-

gen level and glycemic control among T2DM patients, but

there was no significant correlation between fibrinogen level

and lipid profiles. There was also significant correlation

between fibrinogen and glycemic control in non-obese

patients, in contrast with the obese patients.

PD-63

Effect of astaxanthin and astaxanthin formula on thrombotic

risk factors in type 2 DM patients

Shih Chueh CHEN

*, Pei Chi CHEN

, Kung Chi CHAN

Department of metabolism and endocrinology of Cheng Ching

Hospital,

Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University,

Taichung, Taiwan

Backgound:

Macrovacular complications are the major causes

of death among diabetic patients, and hyperglycemia-induced

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