Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - Volume 120 - Supplement 1

behavioural, household environmental and perinatal, factors

and risks of childhood overweight and obesity in Taiwan.

Methods:

Through literature review, and also one nationwide,

representative study, named

“

Taiwan Children Health Study

(TCHS)

”

, a total of 7,930 nine to fourteen year-old children were

recruited from 14 randomly selected Taiwanese communities

in 2007 and 2010.

Results:

By reviewing the literature, we summarized that

family environment such as high maternal body mass index,

and poor family affective responsiveness were associated

with childhood obesity. Besides, school food environment,

such as cheaper school meals, higher consumption of sugar-

sweetened beverages, and more nearby fast food stores,

convenience stores increased risk of obesity and central

obesity. In TCHS cohort, 32.3% of the children were over-

weight and 17.5% were obese. Male gender, high birthweight,

exposure to

in-utero

maternal smoking and current exposure

to household environmental tobacco smoke (stronger effect

of maternal than paternal smoking) were positively asso-

ciated with childhood overweight/obesity. In contrast, higher

parental education level, number of siblings, active exercise

habits and taking vitamins were associated with reduced

risks of childhood obesity. Birthweight revealed a J-shape

relationship with the probability of childhood overweight/

obesity.

Conclusions:

This study uncovers several modifiable risk

factors for childhood overweight and obesity, and parents are

encouraged to provide an anti-obesity environment such as

quitting smoking, controlling birthweight of child during

pregnancy, and building up exercise habits.

S06-2

Screening of childhood type 2 diabetes in Japan

Tatsuhiko URAKAMI

Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University

School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

In the 21st century, childhood type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increas-

ing in prevalence all over the world, particularly among Asian

populations. In Japan, a largenumberof childrenwithT2Dhave

been detected by a urine glucose screening program at schools

since 1974. They are identified with mild symptoms of

hyperglycemiawithout ketosis at the early stage of the disease.

In Tokyo, together with the screening for hematuria and

proteinuria to detect chronic renal disease, urine glucose

testing was started in 1974. The school health law was revised

to mandate urine screening of all primary and junior high

school students for glucosuria in 1994. In regard to the method

of testing, the participants are requested to collect first morn-

ing urine samples at home. If first urine sample is positive for

glucose, a repeat urine test is requested on another morning. If

the second test is also positive, measurement of FPG, HbA1c

and an OGTT are performed to confirm the diagnosis of

diabetes.

The Tokyo study have reported the incidence and clinical

features in childhood T2D detected by the urine glucose

screening program at schools in detail. During 1974

–

2015, a

total of 11,652,205 school children, including 7,955,857 primary

school children (PSC) and 3,606,348 junior high school children

(JHSC), underwent the urine glucose testing. Of these, a total

of 301 children, including 64 PSC and 237 JHSC, were diagnosed

to have T2D. The overall incidence of childhood T2D was

estimated to be 2.58/100,000/year, which is higher than that in

childhood type 1 diabetes in Japan. JHSC had a significantly

higher incidence of T2D than PSC (0.80 vs. 6.41/100,000/year,

P < 0.0001). These findings are almost similar to those reported

in other cities in Japan. In regard to changes in the annual

incidence of T2D for 5-year period, those in 1981

–

2000 and

2006

–

2010 were significantly higher than that before 1980,

whereas there was no significant difference between those in

2001

–

2005 and 2011

–

2015 and that before 1980. As for clinical

features of T2D, 85% were obese (% overweight >20%) and 45%

were severe obese (% overweight >50%). On the other hand,

58% children had family history of T2D in the first- and second-

degree relatives.

In conclusion, a urine glucose screening program at schools

may be useful to detect childhood T2D at the early stage, and it

is crucial to create a strategy for prevention and treatment of

the disease during childhood worldwide.

S06-3

The optimal exercise modality for childhood obesity

prevention and treatment

Yoon Myung KIM

University College, Yonsei University

International Campus, Incheon, Korea

Obesity has been recognized as a major public health concern

worldwide since it is strongly associated with co-morbid

conditions such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance,

type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) across

age, gender, and ethnicity. It is well described that childhood

obesity tends to track well into adulthood and also increases

the risks of developing cardio-metabolic abnormalities as well

as premature mortality in adulthood. Although the mechan-

isms or exact causes of the dramatic increase in childhood

obesity have not been fully understood, the increased seden-

tary behaviors and reduced physical activity have been known

as the major factors to the current obesity epidemic.

In adults, a number of well-controlled studies have reported sig-

nificant reductions in obesity, in particular of abdominal obe-

sity, and risk factors for T2D and CVD after regular exercise

training (>150 min/week) even without calorie restriction or

weight loss. Similar observations are also reported in youth;

however, very little attention has been directed toward the

effects of different exercisemodalities on adiposity and risk fac-

tors associated obesity-related co-morbid conditions in youth.

Genetic Architecture of T2DM

S04-1

Genetic and genomic approaches to dissecting the

pathogenesis of diabetes

E.S. TAI

1,2,3

Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of

Medicine, National University of Singapore,

Cardiovascular and

Metabolic Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate

Medical School,

Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore

Novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D) are needed. Large

scale genetic association studies have identified multiple

loci associated with T2D and offer an opportunity to identify

and validate novel therapeutic targets for T2D. However,

other approaches are required to help us identify actionable

targets that underlie these associations. In particular, human

genetics has yielded limited information as to the pathogen-

esis of insulin resistance. Additional genomic approaches are

required to better understand this aspect of T2D pathogenesis.

S04-2

Recent progress in genetic research on type 2 diabetes and

obesity in East Asian populations

Chloe Yu-Yan CHEUNG

, Pak-Chung SHAM

Karen Siu-Ling LAM

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are common metabolic

diseases resulting from the complex interactions between

genetic and environmental factors. Researchers have devoted

enormous efforts for better understanding of the genetic

architecture of these diseases. Since past decade, advances

in genetic association studies, in particular the genome-wide

association studies (GWAS), has facilitated the discovery of

several dozen independent genetic loci for T2DM and obesity.

Speech Abstracts / Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120S1 (2016) S1

–

S39